
jun 30
Er samsoving skadelig?
Samsoving innebærer at en av foreldrene sover i nær tilknytning til et spedbarn – så nær at både voksen og barn kjenner hverandres sanselige signaler. Noen mener dette er skadelig, men er det virkelig det?
Hvor skal babyen sove?
Man kommer hjem fra sykehuset, stolt, sliten og forventningsfull til det nye livet som foreldre. Livet har forandret seg og man har fått ansvar for et lite menneske – en baby som krever heldøgns omsorg og pleie. Det er mange spørsmål som virrer rundt i hodet, og en av dem er «hvor skal babyen sove»? For de fleste foreldre føles det helt naturlig å ha babyen sin i nærheten om natten, gjerne i foreldresengen, men mange blir usikre når de hører om babyer som har dødd mens de har samsovet. Det er dessverre en del misvisende informasjon om samsoving. Det beste stedet for en baby å sove er i nærheten av sine foreldre, der er det trygt og godt. Samsoving reduserer også faren for krybbedød med så mye som 50 %.
Samsoving reduserer faren for krybbedød med 50 %
Jeg vet at noen helsesøstere og «søvneksperter» sier at babyen sover bedre på eget rom. For meg er dette uforståelig, særlig når man vet at samsoving reduserer faren for krybbedød. Samsoving gjør også nattamming/flaske mye enklere og det er lettere å roe ned en urolig baby natterstid. Ofte trenger man ikke gjøre annet enn å legge en kjærlig hånd på babyen eller putte hånden sin inn mellom sprinklene og røre ved den lille. Argumentene som brukes er ofte at babyen våkner oftere om natten og at den blir forstyrret av foreldrenes lyder. Ja, det stemmer at babyen kan våkne oftere, men det er jo nettopp en av grunnene til at man anbefaler samsoving. Babyer som samsover tilbringer nemlig færre timer i den aller dypeste søvnen – den det er vanskelig å vekke den fra. Samsovende babyer våkner også oftere for å få mat, en annen faktor som reduserer faren for krybbedød. Til tross for dette får samsovende mødre mer søvn. Dette fordi at de slipper å bruke tid på å roe ned babyen i egen seng på eget rom etter amming, og fordi at babyen etterhvert tar brystet nesten selv uten å vekke mor. Amming er dessuten også søvndyssende for både mor og barn. Dette bekrefter blant annet studiene til Dr. Helen Balls ved University of Durham. Man vet at barn som dør i krybbedød av en eller annen grunn slutter å puste. Samsovende barn blir skumpet borti i løpet av natten, dette kan også være med på å redusere krybbedød. Samsoving føles trygt for et lite og hjelpesløst barn. Det å høre at foreldrene er i nærheten gir bekreftelse på at man ikke er overlatt til seg selv i en stor og litt skummel verden.
Det finnes mange studier som konkluderer med at samsoving reduserer faren for krybbedød. Noen av funnene er blant annet at:
«I land der det er vanlig at mor har barnet inntil kroppen sin dag og natt, forekommer krybbedød svært sjeldent.»
«I kulturer der mor deler seng med barnet, men praktisk talt ikke røyker, er det lavere forekomst av krybbedød. Det gjelder land som Japan, Hong Kong-Kinesere, folk fra Bangladesh og Sydhavsøyene.»
Den fremstående søvnforskeren, professor James McKenna, har flere studier som viser det samme. Han sier blant annet at «for at et spedbarn skal ha best mulig søvn, oppvåknings og pustemønster trenger det mors eller en annens kropp i nærheten. Han konkluderer med at barnet i søvne stimuleres av mors nærhet gjennom lyd, lukt, bevegelse og berøring.»
«Man vet at mageleie kan øke risikoen for krybbedød. Hos babyer som sover i foreldresengen forekommer mageleie nesten aldri. Babyen ligger med ansiktet vendt mot mor.»
Tettere bånd til den lille
En vurdering av biologi og psykologi hos foreldre, viser at mødre er naturlig programmert til å samsove med babyen. Også mange fedre vil merke at det er positivt å sove i nærheten av sine barn. Ikke bare betyr det at mor og far kan dele på ansvaret når babyen gråter nattestid, men de vil også kunne knytte tettere bånd til den lille.
Her er noen ulike former for samsoving:
- Romdeling er en form for samsoving som blir sett på som ufarlig og trygt. Babyen ligger i egen seng, men ved siden av foreldresengen.
- Sofa-samsoving er en utrygg form for samsoving fordi barnet lett kan bli skjøvet inn mot ryggen på sofaen eller få ansiktet snudd ned i putene og kveles. Det er også ofte sprekker mellom putene i en sofaen som babyen kan dette ned i.
- Sengedeling er en form for samsoving som kan gjøres på både trygge og utrygge måter. For at det skal være trygt er det viktig at sengen er så bred at barnet får god plass, og ikke kan falle ut eller ned i en sprekk. Madrassen må være hard og ikke vannseng. Barnet skal ha egen dyne og den skal helst være lett og luftig. Det er viktig at foreldrene ikke røyker og ikke er påvirket av alkohol eller andre rusmidler. Pass på at barnets ansikt ikke kan tildekkes. Det å sove ved siden av ens eget barn er biologisk hensiktsmessig, i motsetning til å plassere barnet alene på et eget rom. Krybbedød-utvalget i American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) anbefalte nylig at babyer bør sove i nærheten av mødrene sine. Andre organisasjoner som UNICEF, WHO støtter også sengedeling. Her i Norge er det også mange som anbefaler samsoving. Noen av disse er Landsforeningen for uventet krybbedød, overlege på Kvinneklinikken, og ammeguru Dr.med, Gro Nylander, Sosial- og helsedirektoratet og Rikshospitalet. Det anbefales å samsove til barnet er minst 1 år gammelt.
Spedbarn som deler seng, så vel som babyer som sover i egen seng, kan likevel dø av krybbedød. Skyldfølelse er helt normalt i forbindelse med krybbedød, men ofte har dette årsaker foreldrene ikke kunne ha gjort noe med. Død ved sengedeling betyr ikke i seg selv at det var sengedelingen, eller kvelning, som forårsaket dette. Så lenge det er gjort forsvarlig, vil samsoving mellom foreldre og barn kunne redde et barns liv og bidra til barnets og foreldrenes helse og velvære. Bare det å ha et spedbarn sovende i samme rom som en engasjert voksen omsorgsperson, reduserer sjansene for at et spedbarn dør av krybbedød eller en ulykke, til halvparten.
I Japan er det å sove sammen med barnet i sengen den kulturelle normen. Der er også antallet krybbedødstilfeller lavest i verden.
Hilsen Nina.
Kilder:
James J. McKenna Ph.D.
Edmund P. Joyce C.S.C. Chair in Anthropology
Director, Mother-baby Behavioral Sleep Laboratory
University of Notre Dame
«Mamma for første gang» skrevet av Dr.med Gro Nylander, overlege på Kvinneklinikken
Opplever dere utfordringer i småbarnstiden? Da kan det være godt å få litt hjelp. Det er ofte bare små endringer som skal til. Lykkeligbarndom er en råd- og veiledningstjeneste, vi tilbyr rådgivning særlig knyttet til søvn, gråt, relasjoner, amming og barnehagestart. Be om et uforpliktende tilbud ved å trykke her, eller les mer om tjenestene.
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